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====ARPANET====
====ARPANET====
ARPANET is known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref>
ARPANET is known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref>
It was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense in the late 1960s.<ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref> The creation of ARPANET is considered to be the first prototype of the Internet, using packet switching so that various computers were able to communicate to each other using a single network. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref> The first two nodes of the ARPANET were established between UCLA and Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in 1969. <ref> "ARPANET", [http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/arpanet.htm Computerhope].</ref> Shortly, nodes established at University of Santa Barbara and University of Utah followed. <ref> "ARPANET", [http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/arpanet.htm Computerhope].</ref> A student programmer named Charley Kline sent the first message over ARPANET using Leonard Kleinrock, the inventor of packet switching, UCLA's computer in October of 1969. <ref> "Charley Kline Sends the First Message Over the ARPANET", [http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=1108 Historyofinformation].</ref> The message was sent to the second node located at Stanford Research Institute. <ref> "Charley Kline Sends the First Message Over the ARPANET", [http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=1108 Historyofinformation].</ref> The message sent by Charley Kline was intended to be read "login," but due to a crash in the system, the message instead said "lo." <ref> "How a simple ‘hello’ became the first message sent via the Internet", [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/internet-got-started-simple-hello/ PBS].</ref> It was not until an hour later that the message was fully able to send. <ref> "How a simple ‘hello’ became the first message sent via the Internet", [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/internet-got-started-simple-hello/ PBS].</ref><br />
It was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense in the late 1960s.<ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref> The creation of ARPANET is considered to be the first prototype of the Internet, using packet switching so that various computers were able to communicate to each other using a single network. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref> The first two nodes of the ARPANET were set between UCLA and Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in 1969. <ref> "ARPANET", [http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/arpanet.htm Computerhope].</ref> Nodes set at University of Santa Barbara and University of Utah followed after. <ref> "ARPANET", [http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/a/arpanet.htm Computerhope].</ref> A student programmer named Charley Kline sent the first message over ARPANET using Leonard Kleinrock, the inventor of packet switching, UCLA's computer in October of 1969. <ref> "Charley Kline Sends the First Message Over the ARPANET", [http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=1108 Historyofinformation].</ref> The message was sent to the second node located at Stanford Research Institute. <ref> "Charley Kline Sends the First Message Over the ARPANET", [http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=1108 Historyofinformation].</ref> The message was intended to say "login," but due to a crash in the system, the message instead said "lo." <ref> "How a simple ‘hello’ became the first message sent via the Internet", [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/internet-got-started-simple-hello/ PBS].</ref> When everything was back up again, it was not until an hour later that the message was able to completely send. <ref> "How a simple ‘hello’ became the first message sent via the Internet", [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/internet-got-started-simple-hello/ PBS].</ref><br />
In the 1970s, scientists Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed TCP/IP. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref> TCP/IP stood for Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref> The TCP/IP was model that providing standards for the ways of in which data could be transmitted between various networks. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref> On January 1st 1983, ARPANET took on TCP/IP, eventually creating what we come to know as the Internet. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref>[[File:Internet map in February 82.png|thumb|250px|left|Internet map in February 82]]
In the 1970s, scientists Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed TCP/IP, Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref> The TCP/IP provided standards for how data could be transmitted between various networks. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref> On January 1st 1983, ARPANET took on TCP/IP, eventually creating what we consider to be the Internet today. <ref> "Who invented the internet?", [http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-internet History.com].</ref>[[File:Internet map in February 82.png|thumb|250px|left|Internet map in February 82]]




Revision as of 20:53, 7 February 2017

The Internet is a network that connects computers from all over, allowing them to communicate and exchange information with other computers as well.

Internet Map

Background

ARPANET

ARPANET is known as the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. [1] It was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense in the late 1960s.[2] The creation of ARPANET is considered to be the first prototype of the Internet, using packet switching so that various computers were able to communicate to each other using a single network. [3] The first two nodes of the ARPANET were set between UCLA and Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in 1969. [4] Nodes set at University of Santa Barbara and University of Utah followed after. [5] A student programmer named Charley Kline sent the first message over ARPANET using Leonard Kleinrock, the inventor of packet switching, UCLA's computer in October of 1969. [6] The message was sent to the second node located at Stanford Research Institute. [7] The message was intended to say "login," but due to a crash in the system, the message instead said "lo." [8] When everything was back up again, it was not until an hour later that the message was able to completely send. [9]

In the 1970s, scientists Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed TCP/IP, Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol [10] The TCP/IP provided standards for how data could be transmitted between various networks. [11] On January 1st 1983, ARPANET took on TCP/IP, eventually creating what we consider to be the Internet today. [12]

Internet map in February 82


Net Neutrality

The website Public Knowledge defines net neutrality as "the principle that individuals should be free to access all content and applications equally, regardless of the source, without Internet service providers discriminating against specific online services or websites. In other words, it is the principle that the company that connects you to the internet does not get to control what you do on the internet." [13] Without the rules of net neutrality, Internet Service Provides would be able to stop users from visiting certain websites, as well as redirect them to a competing website from the one they were currently viewing. [14] Additionally, they would be able to provide slow speeds for Netflix and Hulu users. [15] With rules in place, net neutrality prevents this, as Internet Service Providers are required to “ connect users to all lawful content on the internet equally, without giving preferential treatment to certain sites or services.”[16]

FCC Chairman Genachowski swears in Ajit Pai as the new Commissioner (7196602232)

In 2010, the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) created Open Internet Rules, which would enforce transparency, no blocking, and no discrimination. [17] In regards to transparency, Internet Service Providers were ordered to reveal how they managed their networks. [18] No blocking meant that they could not block a users access to legal content. [19] Lastly, no discrimination referred to how they could not have a preference over traffic sources. [20]

In regards to net neutrality today, Ajit Pai, who President Trump chose to lead the FCC, has stopped nine Internet service providers from providing high speed internet at a discounted price for those with low income. [21] In 2015, Pai voted against net neutrality. [22] An article by Business Insider quoted Pai in a speech he had given in order to show his stance on the net neutrality. [23] The article states, "Pai said he was "more confident than ever" that the current net-neutrality law's "days are numbered," and that he'd like the future FCC to "fire up the weed wacker" and remove numerous regulations currently in place." [24]

Uses in other disciplines

The term Internet is used in Psychology as a means of discussing Internet abuse and Internet addiction. In Business, the advantages and benefits that the Internet provides is widely discussed. These are just two examples of the way Internet is discussed.

See also

Make connections and links to connected keyterms and articles. Remember to consult the guide for links.

References

Cite any research done for this article Use the Citations Guide for important markup information to help format your citations.

External links

Additional online resources for this keyterm.

  1. ↑ "Who invented the internet?", History.com.
  2. ↑ "Who invented the internet?", History.com.
  3. ↑ "Who invented the internet?", History.com.
  4. ↑ "ARPANET", Computerhope.
  5. ↑ "ARPANET", Computerhope.
  6. ↑ "Charley Kline Sends the First Message Over the ARPANET", Historyofinformation.
  7. ↑ "Charley Kline Sends the First Message Over the ARPANET", Historyofinformation.
  8. ↑ "How a simple ‘hello’ became the first message sent via the Internet", PBS.
  9. ↑ "How a simple ‘hello’ became the first message sent via the Internet", PBS.
  10. ↑ "Who invented the internet?", History.com.
  11. ↑ "Who invented the internet?", History.com.
  12. ↑ "Who invented the internet?", History.com.
  13. ↑ "Net Neutrality", PublicKnowledge.
  14. ↑ "Net Neutrality", PublicKnowledge.
  15. ↑ "Net Neutrality", PublicKnowledge.
  16. ↑ "Net Neutrality", PublicKnowledge.
  17. ↑ "'Net Neutrality' For Dummies, How It Affects You, And Why It Might Cost You More", Business Insider.
  18. ↑ "'Net Neutrality' For Dummies, How It Affects You, And Why It Might Cost You More", Business Insider.
  19. ↑ "'Net Neutrality' For Dummies, How It Affects You, And Why It Might Cost You More", Business Insider.
  20. ↑ "'Net Neutrality' For Dummies, How It Affects You, And Why It Might Cost You More", Business Insider.
  21. ↑ "Trump’s F.C.C. Pick Quickly Targets Net Neutrality Rules", The New York Times.
  22. ↑ "Trump just made a vocal opponent of today's 'open internet' laws the next FCC boss", Business Insider.
  23. ↑ "Trump just made a vocal opponent of today's 'open internet' laws the next FCC boss", Business Insider.
  24. ↑ "Trump just made a vocal opponent of today's 'open internet' laws the next FCC boss", Business Insider.
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